Gas-producing apparatus.



PATEN TED JUNE 5, 1906.

J. BUEB. GAS PRODUCING APPARATUS.

PATENIED JUNE 5, 1906..

J. BUEB. GAS PRODUCING APPARATUS;

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 18, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

J. BUEB. GAS PRODUCING APPARATUS.

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UNITED STATES PATENT @FIFIQE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 5, 1906.

Application-filed August 18,1905. Serial No. 274,719.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JULIUS BUEB, a subject of the GcrmanEmp eror, and aresident of Dessau, Germany, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Gas-Producing Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.

In my application for a United States Patent of February 6, 1904, SerialNo. 192,428, I havedescribed an improved method of distilling coal inabattery of vertical retorts whereby gas entirely free from naphthaleneand also liquid tar are at once obtained, while the number ofapparatuses and the labor required for the manufacture of such productsare reduced. With such a battery of vertical retorts it isnecessa'ry'that the several retorts be so heated that their temperaturesare alike and that they uniformly decrease from the bottom to the top ofthe retorts. however, difficult to fulfil this condition-in an easy andexact manner, which is absolutely necessary, as otherwise the advantagesand effects of the said method are not realized, so that thegas-producing apparatus with vertical retorts is thereby rendered 11H.able to compete with the usual gas-producing apparatuses with horizontalor inclined retorts. I have tried various constructions of gas-producingapparatuses, but I found that it was impossible to heat in the requiredmanner the several retortsv in an oven comprising, say, ten or twelvevertical retorts by -means of a free fire or by means-of a stream.

of fire-gases conducted in long fiues, as in the ordinary gas producingapparatuses with horizontal or inclined retorts. Either the severalretorts were not all heated in the.

same manner or some of themwere not heated properly andinv theprescribed way. Some of the retorts were heated too strongly and otherstoo weakly, or the retorts were thehottestat the top instead of at thebottom. It was not advisable to imitate certain known coke-ovens and todividethe oven-space of the gas-producing a paratus by means of verticalpartition-Wale into aslmany compartments as there are'vertlcal retorts,so

that each compartment would contain a single retort. In this case notonly the. consumption of fuel in the furnaces'might be ex pected to beexcessively large, but also the s ace required for the oven would becon'-, Y. siderably increased, and the beamsunder the bottom of the ovenwould require to. be

' stronger than hitherto.

It was,

My invention relates to improvements in gas-producing apparatuses withvertical retorts whereby the above-mentioned condi tion is satisfied,since each single retort or each series of retorts in tandemis heated bytwo separate currents of fire-gases entering the oven at its bottom,either between a side of the oven and the retort or series of retorts orbetween two neighboring single retorts or two series of retorts, whichcurrents of fireases are conducted in several superposed orizontal fiuesin a serpentine line.

I will now proceed to describe my invention with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure, 1' is a vertical longitudinalsection through a gas-producing apparatus on the line w a: in Fig. 2,and Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section through the same on the line 7 a: inFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the apparatus, taken on a planeextending through one of the regenerators.

Simi ar letters of reference refer to similar 1 parts in all the views.

The gas-producing apparatus shown comprises a rectangular oven 0, agenerator G, and two regenerators It and R the whole being formedofbrickwork or the like. Beneath the oven 0 a space X is left for theintroduction of trucks or wagons intended to receive and to carry offthe coke produced. The shaft ofthe enerator G is rectangular incross-section and may be of any suitable construction. Its furnacecomprises a fire-door T, a grate O, a slack-door T and a water vessel W.A chargin -opening E with a suitable cover is provi ed at the top of theshaft for the introduction of the fuel. The generator G is preferablyplaced at about the middle of one side of the oven'(). Thereby the oven0 is protected on that side from loss of heat, through radiation. 0nopposite sides of the generator G the two regenerators R and R aredisposed, each consisting of a plurality of juxtaposed and superposedrec-- tangular open boxes of fireproof clay. In plan the whole apparatusmay bev suhstantially square, as shown, and the topfaces of 15 same.

rows, as shown, parallel to the wall in contact with the generator G.The vertical retorts D D are preferably of rectangular crosssection, asshown, (with rounded-oil corners,)

and are made to taper upward. Each retort D is cast in one piece, withseveral (the embodiment of the invention illustrated having three)o'ellars for supportin horizontal partition-walls Z, Z, and Z w ichlatter are so disposed as to leave at one end openin s which alternatewith each other, as is clear y shown in Fig. 1. There are no verticalpartition-walls withinthe oven, or at any rate ,not in thelowermostcompartment of the Between the narrow sides of the retorts of a row orseries and between theouter retort of said row and the adjacent wall ofthe oven stiffening plates or studs Stmight be disposed. About on thelevel of the b0ttom 0 the oven 0 a longitudinal horizontal flue H isformed in the wall between. the oven and generator, which fluecommunicates withthe shaft of the generator by two inclined channels Aand A and with the oven 5 .0 .by channels B B in line with the spacesbetween the broad sides of the neighboring re.

torts D D and by channels B B, communieating with the spaces between theretorts and the end walls of the oven. The two ex- 0 treme channels B Bare made narrower than theintermediate ones B B, which are all made ofthe same section. If desired, valves ofslides F (see Fig. 3) may bedisposed in the chan nels B B or adjust 11g the areas and for regu- 3 5lating the currents of fire-gases. These valves or slides may bearranged to be adjusted from without in any known manner a's,-' forinstance, by inserting a suitable hook or implement through a passage 0(see F' 9 3) in the front wall of the apparatus, whic 1 opemng maybenormally closed. by a suita le plug. V

In the Wall between the generator and oven, either directly above theflue H or 4 5 above and at oneside of that flue, are formed two mainair-fines L in the same line, which are-connected. by vertical channelsS with chambers C (see Fig. 3) above the regenera tors B. "and Rh whichchambers communi- 5o cats with the rows of vertical air-flues Kl Kl.Other chambers C -above the. rows of vertical fire-fines K f K f of'thetwo'regenerators communicate with .the oven 0 by means of chan- .nels YCorres ondin chambers C beneath 5 5 the rows of airues K Kl are made tocom- 1 municate wdth the. atmos here through suitable openings m', whileot er chambers O bemaththe rows of fire-fines K j K f comniuni:

Qatewith suitableflues f, leading to a chimao neyfor the like. The saidtwo main air-flues L communicate with the channels B B through narrowchannels V V, which may terminate either in thetop facesor, preferably,in the side faces, as shown, of the channels B B. Their mouthsare-.allgiven the scribed it is easy to obtain a "horizontal fiue H, and theseveral channels B B into the oven 0, Where they pass in sepa ratehorizontal streams between the broad faces of the neighboring retorts'DD and between the retorts and end walls of the oven from right to left,then turn upward, pass equally in A separate horizontal streams throughthe space between the partitions Z and Z from left to right to the oening at the inner end of the partition Z, w ere they turn upwardandpass through the space between the partitions Z and Z from right toleft, after which they again turn upward and pass through the uppermostspace from left to right. 7 They are still very hot on esca ing throughthechannels Y to' the cham ers above the two regenerators R and R sothat durin their downward assage through the flues I f K f they give 0 agreat artof v their heat to the air passing u war from without throughthe air-flues l Kl, The air being thus heated passes from the respectivechambers abovethe two regenerators R and R through the channels S, thetwo main air-fines L, and the narrow channels V V, so that it mixesin'the several channels B B with the fire-gases and assists thecombustion of the same. The retorts D 'D are first heated up to a veryhigh temperature and then filled up to the top, or nearly so, with coalwhile keeping them heated. The retort is maintained full While continuing the high heat. The efiect'of the hightemperature is to quickly formthat portion of the charge in contact with the walls of the retort intoa coke, which offers such resistance to the passage of gas that thelatter is caused to pass inwardly and up through the cooler central bodyof the charge, thus preventing it from becoming highly heated andavoiding the roduction of naphthalene; Vfith the gas-producing apparatusderio I 2 O orm heating of all the retorts and in such amanner thattheir temperatures decrease from the bottom to the top and nearly in thesame. pro ortion as their areas. The damper, the vafives or 12 5 slidesin the channels B B, and other known devices should be regulated forattaining this resultl. i l

Where so preferred, the verticalretorts D D may be disposed in morethantwo rows, as.

partitions Z pering vertical shown-say in three or more rows-the more soif the retorts are given a rather square cross-section.

Channels 4) may be arranged between the and Z, as shown in Fig. 3, orbetween the bottom of the oven and the partition Z. The narrowair-channels V V may also lead direct to the horizontal flue H,'if sopreferred. In general the gas-producing aplparatus may be varied in manyrespects wit out departing from the spirit of my invention.

1. In a gas-producing apparatus, the combination with an ovenrectangular in horizontal cross-section, of two regenerators arranged atone side of the oven, a generator arranged between said regenerators, aplurality of approximately rectangular upwardly-taretorts arranged inrows and extending from-the bottom to the .cover of the oven, aplurality of superposed horizontal partitions withintheoven and eachseparated from one wall of the oven, said openings being alternately atopposite sides of the oven, a horizontal flue in the wall between theenerator and oven on substantially the leveI of the ovenbottom',channels connecting said flue with the generator,'-means for supplyingair preliminarily heated in the regenerators to gases issuing from saidflue, the wall between said'flue and the oven having a plurality ofopenings adapted to admit the mixed fire-gases and hot' air in separatestreams into the oven between the neighboring retorts or between retortsand walls of the oven, and flues for conducting the fire-gases from theuppermost compartment of the oven to the two regenerators, said ovenbeing adapted to conduct the separate streams of fire-gases upward in aserpentine line.

2. In a gas-producing apparatus, the combination'with an ovenrectangular in horizontal cross-section, of a generator at one side of pthe oven, two regenerators on opposite sides of the generator, aplurality of approximately rectangular upwardly-taperingvertical retortsarranged in parallel rows extending longitudinally and transversely of,the oven and each retort extending from the bottom to the cover of theoven, a plurality of superposed horizontal partition-walls within theoven and each separated at one side from the oven, said openings beinalternatel at o posite sides of the oven, a o'rizontal ue in the wallbetween the generator and the oven on the retorts and the wasubstantially the level of the oven-bottom, channels 'for conductingfire-gases from the generator to said horizontal ue, means for mixin thefire-gases with air preliminarily heate in the two regenerators, thewall has tween said flue and the oven having a plu rality of openingsadapted to admit the fire gases mixed with hot air from said flue inseparate streams into the oven between the nei hboring retorts orbetween the retorts an the oven-walls, and flues for conducting thefire-gases from the uppermost compart' 'ment of the'oven to the'tworegenerators,

said oven being adapted to conduct the streams of fire-gases upward in aserpentine line.

3. In a bination o cross-section, two regenerators' arranged at one sideof the oven, a generator arranged begas-producing apparatus, the comanoven rectangular in horizontal tween said regenerators, the tops of theoven,

regenerators and generator being on the same level, aupward y-taperingvertical retorts arranged inrows extending longitudinally andtransversely of the oven and each retort extending from the bottom tothe cover of the oven, a

plurality of superposed horizontal partitionwalls within the oven andeach separated at one side from the oven, said openings being alternatelon opposite sides of the oven, a horizonta flue in the 'wall between thegenerator and oven on substantially the level of the oven-bottom,channels for conducting fires ases from the generator to said horizontalue, means for mixing the fire-gases with air preliminarily heated in thetwo regenerators, the wall between theoven and said horizontal fluehaving therein a plurality of openings .adapted to admit themixedfire-gases and heated air in separate streams into the oven between theneighbor-in retorts or between s of the oven, and flues for conductingthe fire-gases from the uppermost compartment of said oven to the tworegenerators, said oven being adapted to lurality of substantiallyrectangular conduct the separate streams of fire-gas upward in aserpentine line.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

- JULIUS BUEB.

. Witnesses: 1

FRANZ SOHA'BER FRANZ HASSLACHER.

